Visual Identy of African Americans in Question Throughout...

I looked up the word Visual Identity, but I couldn’t find a clear definition of what it really meant. So, I began to ask myself what it means. Visual identity is what we perceive others or ourselves to be. It is almost the same as our judgment or our opinion. Perfect example, I went to the store the other day, and I saw a white man, he was dirty, his hair was not combed, and his clothes were dirty. Looking at him I thought he was homeless, but to my surprise he wasn’t he had just gotten off of work. It’s situations like this that make me wonder is it visual identity that we use as African Americans to access a person’s identity or is it the lack thereof? In the period following the Reconstruction era, the issue of African American†¦show more content†¦Whites believed that Blacks had no right to have be able to read, write, attend school or work. To White Americans giving African Americans a chance anything seemed diabolical to them, and they would do anything to try and stop African Americans from being Equal. White Americans in the Reconstruction era viewed African Americans by their skin color and they judged them on how they looked. They also disapproved of African Americans trying to achieve literacy. The opportunities that White Americans had were different than those of African Americans. White Americans viewed African Americans as inferior to them. In result, African Americans were not permitted to Civil rights, education, and work. Being viewed by what they looked like held African Americans in bondage. By the 20th Century African Americans began to break the chains of racial stereotypes. With African Americans starting to work they began to establish a new identity. This new identity that they had established was that they were capable of working just as well as White Americans. However, White Americans still disagreed with African Americans being able to work. These rights that were now available to African Americans brought about a more different and physical racial tension between White Americans and African Americans. As African Americans were permitted Civil

Marxist Criticism In Jane Eyre And Mansfield Park By Jane...

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte and Mansfield Park by Jane Austen have many things in common but also contrast in many different ways. Marxist criticism shows how they relate and differ. Jane Eyre is about a young girl who lives with an abusive family and is sent away because she is unliked. Mansfield Park also similar to Jane Eyre, with Fanny Price living with an abusive family after her true family sends her away because they are so poor. When applying Marxist criticism how they are treated, where they stand in life, what power they have, and how they compare and contrast with each other. This also shows how social class and status makes a difference in upbringing, the point the authors are trying to make in showing that class isnt always†¦show more content†¦Mansfield Park begins with a young Fanny Price who lives with her poor family who sends her off to her aunt because they can no longer care for her. When she arrives she overhears her aunt tell the other children to treat her as family but not as their equal because of her background. As Fanny Price grows up her status is very evident when she is around her family. They don’t let her join in on anything while she is in the room and nor do they eat with her. Fanny’s room is just an attic and when she first gets there the room is only used for storage and this shows how they thought so lowly of her to not give a decent, clean room. Only Edmund likes her and she reads the stories she writes to him and asks for his feedback on them. As she gets older she starts to fall in love with him but she can’t be with him because her aunt wouldn’t accept it because she is poor. Her aunt humiliates her constantly by pointing out that she has no money and she has to hide her emotions because the family her aunt works for is her backbone in society. This family pays for everything she has. She is also not able to be â€Å"out† because she is not allowed, they believe she would have no chance in finding a proper husband without any money or propositions. Sewell 3 Jane Eyre and Mansfield Park both start off with the young girls in harsh conditions but they carry on doing the things that they love while suitors come their way. Jane Eyre grows up to become an adult and she begins to fall in

Aggression in the 1930s Free Essays

Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin are two of the most prominent figures in world history.   Both are intimidating personalities recognized as dictators in their own countries.   Hitler and Stalin are also similar for having significant roles in the aggression in the 1930s that was World War II. We will write a custom essay sample on Aggression in the 1930s or any similar topic only for you Order Now    However, it must be noted that Hitler had a more distinct role in the World War II than Stalin.   Though both men were active dictators during the Second World War. Adolf Hitler had a bigger responsibility in the conflict than Joseph Stalin. Hitler and Stalin were both dictators.   It is appropriate to give them such title as they had absolute power over their respective countries.   They had similar strategies and motives in terms of their aggression that resulted in the war. For instance, both men were motivated by a superiority complex.   Hitler was a firm believer in the superiority of the German race (Weinberg, 2008).   He asserted that Germany needed vast areas of land for expansion, so he attacked other countries to create an expansive territory for Germans.   It was this attack which brought Hitler and Germany at the helm of the global conflict. Likewise, Stalin also had a superiority complex.   Immediately after succeeding Lenin as the head of the Soviet Union, Stalin inspired a culture of self-glorification (Perry, 1989).   It was therefore no surprise that Stalin entered into an agreement with Hitler. The German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact stated that the Soviet Union would not intervene with the German aggression against Poland on the grounds that it would receive half of the acquired Polish territory (Knight, 2008; Perry, 1989). However, despite the distinct similarity, there was a significant difference between the political roles they played in the Second World War.   Hitler proved to be the more aggressive dictator, as he initiated the war itself.   On the other hand, Stalin merely tolerated Hitler’s aggression.   Though the Soviet Union had made an alliance with Germany, this did not guarantee immunity from the said aggression (Weinberg, 2008). Stalin and the rest of the Soviet Union were alarmed when Germans attacked them (Knight, 2008).   It became evident that Germany was in the center of the war, since it began to bypass the authority of the nations it had alliances with. Eventually, it was proven that Hitler had a more dominant political role in the war than Stalin.   Stalin was a mere participant in the German aggression; in time, he and his country became the victims.   It was Hitler who was in control of the war situation. Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin were dictators who took part in the aggression during the 1930s, resulting in the historical event known as World War II. Their aggression was both motivated by a sense of superiority, and their strategy included the participation in the war.   Nonetheless, there was a difference between the leaders.   Hitler had a more dominant political role in the war, since he started the international conflict.   He was powerful enough to undermine an alliance with the Soviet Union to further his ends. Meanwhile, Stalin’s aggression was only evident in the agreement with Germany.   Hence, Adolf Hitler had a bigger political role in the Second World War. References Perry, M. (1989). A History of the World.   Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. Knight, A. (2008). Joseph Stalin. In Microsoft Encarta Online Dictionary. Retrieved December 18, 2008, from http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559200/Stalin.html Weinberg, G. (2008). Adolf Hitler. In Microsoft Encarta Online Dictionary. Retrieved December 18, 2008, from http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556540/Hitler.html How to cite Aggression in the 1930s, Papers

Corporate Social Responsibility of the Organization Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Corporate Social Responsibility of the Organization Today's consumers and stakeholders hold firms to a higher standard because they look more than physical products and the quality of services provided. This happens when aligning with a particular company and deciding to work with it or invest. The reason for such is because they expect not only a profit but also to operate responsibly by addressing environmental and social issues(Werther Jr. Chandler, 2010). Recognizing the essence of corporate social responsibility to the stakeholders and customers has now forced the firms to focus and implement various practice at the organization level. Companies such as Sony Australia has implemented corporate social responsibilities activities. Some of these practices include environmental efforts, philanthropy, ethical labor practices and volunteering(Ditlev-Simonsen Wenstop, 2013). In essence, in the contemporary business environment, organizations have certain responsibilities which they have to participate in the society, and these respons ibilities have influence in the community. Corporate Social Responsibility The term Corporate Social Responsibility is defined as a management concept where firms implement environmental and social concerns in the process of operating business. It also involves engagement and interactions with consumers, society and stakeholders (Asif, Searcy, Zutshi, Fisscher, 2013). Therefore, CSR can be understood as strategies applied by management to strike a balance of its social, economic and environmental imperatives while also addressing stakeholders and shareholders expectations(Clapp Rowlands, 2014). There are various theories used by management to implement and sustain corporate social responsibility in the organization. The focus of the report is Sony Australia and various models will be critically analyzed to understand the issue(Frynas Stephens, 2014). Theoretical Background There are numerous theories which explain corporate social responsibility efforts and strategies by organizations. These approaches include SCR theory, instrumental, integrative and ethical. In relation to corporate social responsibility, the firms has particular obligations to satisfy to the society and therefore, the organizations need to perform business activities by focusing on the different stakeholders. CSR program is a necessity that boosts the group success. The report analyses four theories applied to help develop and propel the image of a socially oriented organization(Servaes Tamayo, 2013). According to instrumental approach, companies are seen as a tools used for the generation of wealth for investors. Thus, the social activities by the corporation to the society are aimed at attaining set economic targets such as reaping profit from the sales of the product to the community (Asif, Searcy, Zutshi, Fisscher, 2013). A close look at the model, there is a clear relationship between the organization policies directed to CSR and the economic outcomes anticipated. The programs favor social activities to achieve financial expectations and maximization of revenue. The approach as seen in Sony Corporation case applies to three approaches namely strategies for gaining competitive advantage, maximization of shareholders value, and marketing efforts related to cause. For instance, the social investment done by the company is for the purpose of attaining competitive advantage in the market and move toward social dominance. It is also essential for the enterprise to support social activities such as tree planting, financing football clubs and others for the purpose of enhancing its competitive position in respective markets and the wealth of stakeholders. Some of the activities performed are altruistic with the aim of attracting the attention of the society (Servaes Tamayo, 2013). Political theory, on the other hand, argues that corporations ought to use their power to attain a great status in society. However, the utilization of authority should be the responsible way such as the use of corporate constitutionalism, corporate citizenship, and integrative social contract. These approaches utilized by the organization hold that the social authorities and responsibilities result from social power and there is an existence of a bond between the firm and society. The approaches are means to attain massive profitability and enhancing their reputation. On the other hand, corporate citizenship is of the view that organization has responsibilities similar to that citizens in the society where they operate (Asif, Searcy, Zutshi, Fisscher, 2013; Frynas Stephens, 2014). The integrative theory is also a central theory which argues that firms exist for the satisfaction of the social needs. It has four approaches namely management, corporate social performance, public responsibility and stakeholder management with an objective of satisfying social demands. The essential approach is the third one as it is related to balancing the interests of key stakeholder such as the society, consumers, and suppliers. The proposal calls for the satisfaction of social demands (Asif, Searcy, Zutshi, Fisscher, 2013). Lastly, the ethical theory argues that the organization ought to follow the right path to enhance the state of the society. The model demonstrates the group should perform fiduciary duties to the primary stakeholders, consider rights, compensation, environment and labor and working in an ethical manner(Crane Matten, 2016). Sony Case Study This section explored the applicability of the theories on Sonys corporate social responsibility. Sonys corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and strategies emphasize on the interests of stakeholders, consumers, and the society (Sony, 2017). According to Archie Carrolls model, CSR programs in the organizations exists due to the interactions between stakeholders and firms. A stakeholder includes an individual or a group that are impacted by the management activities and has interest on the organization. In Sony Australia, the underlining objectives of CSR strategy is tailored toward sustainability of the company and interest of the stakeholders. The sustainability efforts have been the source of achievement and success of corporate citizenship (Ditlev-Simonsen Wenstop, 2013). Therefore, for Sony to register long-term success in the industry, the Corporation needs to consider the interest of the stakeholders and others by ensuring they are properly accounted and recognized in the business. The same is reflected in Sonys CSR Initiatives The global reach of multinational companies such as Sonys and other business is associated with the difficulties of formulating and implementing a corporate social responsibility plans that cut across the international business environments. The following includes the stakeholders of the firms on the basis of prioritization in relation to corporate social responsibility by the management. The shareholders are given the highest priorities, followed by customers, employees, suppliers, business partners and local communities are accorded the lowest priority(Miles, Munilla, Darroch, 2006). Sonys corporate social responsibility strategies is known to value shareholders due to their significance in the corporation. The focus of these stakeholders is to generate high revenues and business development. This is because they provide capital which is used for investment and funding business operations. The firm addresses their interests by devising ways to increase the profitability and revenues generated in a particular period. For instance, the premium pricing strategy applied by the company ensures high returns margins and sustainability is meant to optimize financial performance and operational efficiency (Sony, 2017; Ditlev-Simonsen Wenstop, 2013). Sony Corporation is known to prioritize its consumers in its corporate social responsibility strategy because they are essential. This is because they purchasing the organization products to satisfy their needs and wants. the company corporate social responsibility strategy is for the purpose of meeting their interests through innovation and introduction of other products in the market. Besides, the firm's sustainability efforts are meant to satisfy their interests on issues of corporate citizenship and environmental conservation in the society(Peloza Shang, 2011). On the other hand, Sony Corporation supports their employees as it views them as a central stakeholder in the group. The companys corporate social responsibility includes fair and competitive compensation and excellent managerial support. This factor is an indication of Sonys corporation efforts to fulfill the corporate responsibility to meet the interests of the workers(Saeidi, Sofian, Saeidi, 2015). Suppliers are part of the stakeholders that has a lot of impact on Sonys corporate social responsibility strategy and business practices. The firm recognizes their significance because they influence their operations through the supply of the raw materials for manufacture of end products. The company deals with their interests by applying managerial efforts to increase their efficiency and effectiveness of their operations (Servaes Tamayo, 2013; Peloza Shang, 2011). These CSR initiatives are designed with the aim of helping suppliers to expand their capacity along that of Sony. Besides, sustainability efforts are directed to both the corporation and also the suppliers. For example, Sony requires their suppliers to have satisfied certain environmental effects requirements to do business with them. Therefore, these CSR requirements are beneficial to the suppliers because they facilitate their desires to meet respective corporate social responsibilities(Frynas Stephens, 2014). Sony Corporation works with many business partnerships spanning across the world. For example, it works with telecommunications enterprises to distribute and promote their products such as Xperia smartphones and others. The interests of these business partners include sustaining profitable relations and also enter into mutually beneficial associations which are part of corporate social responsibility strategy and programs. Local Communities have significance influence on the firms corporate citizenship(Crane Matten, 2016). For example, if there is a favorable association between the film and the host community, it leads to favorable consumer attitude toward the products and services provided by the company. The company corporate social responsibilities include satisfying their interests such as supporting community development like sponsoring festivals, sports events, and community development. Conclusion In conclusion, Sony Corporation in Australia applies corporate social responsibility plans that cater to the interests and the want of various stakeholders such as consumers, suppliers and another stakeholder of the firm. Sony emphasizes on attaining sustainability of the business while dealing with issues affecting various interested parties and interests. The paper recommends various actions aimed at improving their CSR performance and widening the reach of stakeholders. For instance, the firm can expand its social programs in all the countries where they have operations to enhance the state of its corporate responsibility, brand image, and satisfy the stakeholders interests. References Asif, M., Searcy, C., Zutshi, A., Fisscher, O. A. (2013). An integrated management systems approach to corporate social responsibility. Journal of cleaner production, 56, 7-17. Clapp, J., Rowlands, I. H. (2014). Corporate social responsibility. The Essential Guide to Global Environmental Governance . London: Routledge. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ditlev-Simonsen, C. D., Wenstop, F. (2013). How stakeholders view stakeholders as CSR motivators. Social Responsibility Journal , 9(1), 137-147. Frynas, J. G., Stephens, S. (2014). Political corporate social responsibility: Reviewing theories and setting new agendas. International Journal of Management Reviews, 17(4), 483-509. Miles, M. P., Munilla, L. S., Darroch, J. (2006). The role of strategic conversations with stakeholders in the formation of corporate social responsibility strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, 69(2), 195-205. Peloza, J., Shang, J. (2011). How can corporate social responsibility activities create value for stakeholders? A systematic review. Journal of the academy of Marketing Science, 39(1), 117-135. Saeidi, S. P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S. P., Saaeidi, S. A. (2015). How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 68(2), 341-350. Servaes, H., Tamayo, A. (2013). The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness. Management Science, 59(5), 1045-1061. SONY. (n.d.). Corporate Social responsibility. Retrieved April 27, 2017, from sony : https://www.sony.com/en_us/SCA/social-responsibility/overview.html SONY. (n.d.). CSR / Environment. Retrieved April 27, 2017, from Sony: https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr/vision/index.html Werther Jr., W. B., Chandler, D. (2010). Strategic corporate social responsibility: Stakeholders in a global environment. California CA: Sage Publications.